Electrostatic coalcscers allow the removal of small water droplets which would remain emulsified and not sepaated in conventional separators, thanks to droplets size increased through coalescence in an electric field. Crude desalting can be achieved by injecting and emulsifying dilution water in te electric field.
Electrostatic coalescers can meet the most stringent speciications, down to 0.5 PTB (pound pre thousand barrels) of safts — 0.1 % BSW (basic sediments and water). PARC TECHNOLOGIES guarantees electrical safety and integnty, with full 100% redundancy, even tor high pressure applications.
Recovered petroleum crude oil from reservoirs includes several impurities such as, drilling water, salts & sand and polymers. In order to remove these impurities from crude oil, desalting systems are used which is also known as oil desalting systems. Oil desalting systems is used to remove salts from oil so that it can be processed in a refinery. If in case oil is not treated with the desalting systems then the impurities, salt and water present in oil will causes problems in operations as well as in maintenance which includes abrasion, fouling of equipment, corrosion and poisoning of catalysts in processing division. Oil desalting systems is very effective methods to reduce water and salt content from oil. The system is embedded with different components such as electrodes, level control device, process levels, mud wash. Oil desalting systems is usually the primary process in the upstream operations. On the basis of specification, oil desalting systems is dependent on a few fundamental parameters such as Pressure, temperature, flow rate and fluid viscosity.
Salts in crude oil are mainly in the form of magnesium, calcium, and sodium chlorides, sodium chloride being the most abundant. These salts can be found in two forms: dissolved in emulsified water droplets in the crude oil, as a water-in-oil emulsion, or crystallized and suspended solids.
The negative effect of these salts in downstream processes can be summarized as follows: salt deposit formation as scales where water-to-steam phase change takes place and corrosion by hydrochloric acid formation. Hydrochloric acid is formed by magnesium and calcium chlorides’ decomposition at high temperatures (about 350 °C) as follows [3]
CaCl2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl
MgCl2 + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl
In addition, other metals in inorganic compounds present in reservoir dirt and sand produce catalyst poisoning in downstream processes such as hydrotreaters and cat crackers because of they are chemically adsorbed on the catalyst surface.
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